RUNE INSCRIPTIONS IN OLD GUTNISH

english                swedish

Observe that double consonants seldom was used in runic inscriptions, therefor “hin” can be “hinn”, “han” can be “hann” etc. etc.

 

Atlingabo

uni : auk : haknuiþr : arfaR : rakna : þair ...  ...hin : aail : ui : ku - ...  ...Rmuþ : hialbi : soul : sunta : lausi : kris-...  ...t : auþualtr risti r - -...

 

 

halt(ia)uþ . auþualtz : (enkia : -)tkliks : han lit : hualf : otki(era) . yfir : sin : sun : boztan . ok han : baþ : (l)a - : biþia : fyr(ir) hans . : sial .  iakau(b)r : gierþi : stain : roþmas : arfi

 

 

Klinti

 gesus : kristus : naþi : autraifs : sial : af : snoy : krin : tum : bata : nostar : afi : maria (furriir . krisnr : sialir)

 

 

Norrlanda

biþin : firir : allum : kristnum : sialum

 

 

herra : iuan : lundi : han atti : mik : um : tiu : aar

 

 

iakaupr : ok : rol –n : litu : gera : þina : stain : eptirR : altuiþ : sin :sun

 

 

Dalum

 

botuiþr af alsku a mk

 

sihlaivir . a mik

 

siali kriuaþi runir g –

 

e eli l

 

Tufta

biþin : firi : sihþiauþar : sial : botuiþar huspRoyiu : nikur : fa : lh...-

 

han k-nz : hera :

 

 

Acubec

nikulas : skraif : mik : in : s—rin e ---b—r—rgretu  mariu : messu : dah : ... s : uar : brim : ok : ...-r : sunnudah

 

rannalt : berno

 

 

Ruma

hailui : lit : giera : stain : ok : botulfr : yftiR : olaf : ok : bo-...syni : sina

 

 

Vestrhaidi

hier : likr : kairualtr : i berhi : ok : hans : hus : froya

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stainkumbla

(b)u(t)muntr : auk : butraifR : auk : kunua(r : -) ...tu : stain : þ...(at : faþur : si)n :

kuþ : hialbi : selu : hans : auk : kus : muþir : betr : þen : uir : biþia : kunin . –a...a –n

 

butmuntr : auk : butraifR : auk : kunu(ar : þair : raistu : stain ...arþi : karþ) : auk : sunarla : sat : miþ : skinum : auk : han : entaþis : at : ulfshala : þa : (han : hilki...)

 

 

Vall

ulafr : i : himunafi : han : kaf : hit : iþi : sin : ban : botuiþ : ok : bulaiþu : f : kanuiþ : ok : ruþaiþu

 

 

Haugren

sigmutr  let rasa sain eftiR bruþr : sina : auk : bro : kierua : eftiR : sikbiern : santa mikal hie(lbi) ...and auk : at : botraif  auk at sigraif : auk : at aibiern : faþur þaiRa : altr : auk bikui han : i by : sunarst kaiRuiþr lekþi ormaluR : in(t)i uR

 

 

Veti

...iþr : botulfs : moþir : af uestr : huetium : ok : botaiþr : hanz : husfroia : mundualz : systir : af rigaim :huer sum : þita - ...

 

iuan : i : grenium : han : gaf : þisa : krunnu : fyrst : guþi : ok : uari : frru : ok : þairi : helhu : kirkiu : senni : sial : til : þarfa : ok : siþa

 

Maisterby

moyar : hafin : iþra : byn : reta

 

in tabernakulis

 

tamarl  tlis

 

(...auk  x  botaiþr  x  þaun litu  x  raisa s...haito  x  mirki mirlakt eftir man koþ –n > kiarn uaR  x  hann arla  x  a  x  kuþ troa  x rumshafþ  x ) raþet  x  miþ retu m(iug  x  tyrlak  x  ta >  ta  x  uam > la > reksþe ...) bin  x  sialu h-...(lit  x  kiarþi stain  x  uataruek...)

 

 

 

 

Sanda

: þi - þ - u ... :  - ...  ...aim : sum : biþ ... a : furi : uari : sial :nikulasar ok kairuiar : minins

 

 

butaiþr > i beligabo + lit þina sta(in) kera + ifir : olaf : sin : h ...  + i þu ari : þa uar : ha : hal (: sun)utahr : h : og : lahr : l : brimstafr : i si...utu raþu  i –afluni  +biþin : fir + o(laafs : s)ial + i beligabo  kuþ k(efi : siali : þin ...) ...- - : miþ alu- kr-snum : sialum

 

Halla

likmuntaR : i slitaka -- ..

 

Gantum

fuþorkhniastblm : R

 

Froyil

iuan uk butair : litu giara kialera : botmundr maisteri : af siaunaim > giarþi mik

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Already at the first contact with the oldest written sources, the rune inscriptions, the originality clearly stands forth. The old age of the Old Gutnish is well known. The linguistic comparable material is often only found in Icelandic.” ¹

“The gutnish runic inscriptions has cronolocically the greatest amplitude among the swedish – from the end of the 200 a.c. to the middle of the 17’th century. A little more than ¾ of them is medieval, with other words younger than the rised runestones, and more related to the churches.  The greatest part is the gravestone inscriptions as well as the written and carved inscriptions on churchwalls and interior details. “²

 

The runic inscriptions in old gutnish is from a considerably large timeperiod, from roman ironage to late medievals. Even though the timespan is considerably great, the language does not show remarcable changes under these years, and keeps many of the old characteristics shown early in old gutnish. 

Even to this day, gutnish has kept a great deal of this ancient language, although it in the last hundred years has undergone great changes and modernisation. The most serious change in the language started happening in the 17th century, when the gutnish writing system ceased to be and was replaced by danish, later swedish. After that, gutnish started using the swedish writing system and alfabet, and has lacked proper rules and guidelines, why a great part of the language has fallen. Luckily a number of written recordings has been done from 17th to 19th century, which gives linguists and others interested a great deal of material to study.

 

 

¹-² Elisabeth Swärdström, Gotlands runinskrifter

 

 

All inscriptions taken from Gotlands runinskrifter I-II.

 

 

ALSO VISIT: Wordlist in Old Gutnish

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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